Book 1 FEEDING & NUTRITION
INTRODUCTION
Currently,there are no books available that provide detailed information solely on feeding and nutrition for babies,toddlers and young children. Parents raise many questions and concerns regarding their child's feeding and nutrition,however many times,these go unanswered due to the limited amount of time or knowledge of health professionals. Unfortunately,feeding and nutrition for young babies and children is not well taught in medical schools,so often times,health professionals bear much of the parents' guessing as well.
The common difficulties parents face in trying to find practical information about feeding and nutrition have inspired me to write a PRACTICAL book for parents; one that provides all the answers to daily parental concerns and provide one's baby with THE BEST START TO LIFE! It is important for parents to be educated about their child's feeding and nutrition since the responsibility is on them as the child's primary caregiver.
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WHAT IS THE BOOK ABOUT
This book covers feeding and nutritional aspects right from birth until the school-aged child. It begins with issues and solutions associated with breast and/or bottle feeding (e.g. which to choose,how to breast or bottle feed properly and how much,feeding by schedule or on-demand,which bottle,nipples and formulas to use,etc),weaning and how to overcome bottle rejection. Many parents have many concerns regarding solid food introduction (when and what to introduce,how much,etc),homemade versus store-bought prepared foods,specific food refusals,picky eaters,and much more. In addition,food allergies are discussed with respect to management and replacement options to prevent nutritional deficiencies.
Chapters on growth characteristics and charts are included along with failure to thrive and obesity sections to help your child develop optimally. Recommended portion sizes and activity levels appropriate for specific ages along with various fun sample menus and recipes are included for easing food acceptance.
Other topics include stool characteristics and its significance,constipation,crying and gastroesophageal reflux and its relation to feeding,along with mineral/vitamin deficiencies,vegetarians,oral health,water,pacifier and thumb sucking,hiccups,burping,and much,much more are included in this practical guide for parents
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1:
Breastfeeding
Introduction to Breastfeeding
General ..................................................................................2
The Decision to Breastfeed ....................................................3
Difficulties & Success with Breastfeeding ...............................5
How Long to Breastfeed ........................................................7
Parent Concerns ....................................................................7
Resources for Help & Information .........................................11
Conclusion ............................................................................11
Breast Milk & Its Benefits
General ................................................................................12
Breast Milk ...........................................................................12
Breast Milk Benefits for the Baby .........................................14
Breast Milk Benefits for the Mother ......................................17
Benefits to Society & the Environment ................................18
Latching & Positioning
General ................................................................................19
Establishing a Successful Beginning....................................19
Positioning Mother & Baby ................................................21
Nursing Positions ................................................................22
Presenting the Breast ............................................................27
Latching................................................................................28
Supporting Your Breast ........................................................30
Parent Concerns....................................................................30
Methods of Supplementation ..............................................35
Breastfeeding Problems & Solutions
Red Flags .............................................................................37
Sore & Cracked Nipples
General ................................................................................38
Causes ..................................................................................38
Treatment..............................................................................39
Parent Concerns....................................................................39
Breast Engorgement
Normal Engorgement ..........................................................44
Abnormal Engorgement ......................................................44
Treatment for Severe Engorgement......................................45
Engorgement When Choosing Not to Breastfeed ................47
Parent Concerns....................................................................47
Mastitis
General ................................................................................49
Possible Trigger Factors ......................................................49
Symptoms ............................................................................50
Treatment..............................................................................51
Complications of Mastitis ....................................................52
Parent Concerns....................................................................53
Flat or Inverted Nipples
General ................................................................................55
Identification & Types of Nipples........................................55
Flat Nipples ..........................................................................56
Inverted Nipples ..................................................................56
Improving the Feeding Process ............................................57
Extra Tips on Pumps & Flat or Inverted Nipples ................58
Comments on the Use of Breast Shells & Nipple Shields ..59
Breast Milk Leakage: How to Cope
General ................................................................................60
Causes ..................................................................................60
Tools for Coping ..................................................................61
Parent Concerns....................................................................62
Overabundant Milk Supply
General ................................................................................65
Symptoms: Mother & Baby of Overabundant Milk Supply ..66
Coping with Overabundant Milk Supply ............................67
Parent Concerns....................................................................68
Insufficient (Low) Milk Supply
General ................................................................................69
False Alarms of Low Milk Supply
(Perceived Lack of Supply)..................................................69
Causes of True Low Milk Supply ........................................72
Increasing Milk Supply ........................................................74
How To Know: Is My Baby Getting Enough Milk?............76
Parent Concerns....................................................................79
Breastfeeding in Public
General ................................................................................80
How to Breastfeed in Public ................................................80
Breast Preference
General ................................................................................82
Causes ..................................................................................82
How to Overcome Breast Preference ..................................83
Nursing Strike
General ................................................................................84
Baby's Behavior During the Strike ......................................84
Causes ..................................................................................85
Nursing Strikes & Decreased Milk Supply..........................85
What To Do ..........................................................................86
Parent Concerns....................................................................87
Biting the Breast
General ................................................................................90
Causes ..................................................................................90
How to Stop Breast Biting ..................................................90
Tongue Tie & Breastfeeding
General ................................................................................93
Symptoms of Tongue Tie ....................................................93
Treatment of Tongue Tie ......................................................94
Parent Concerns....................................................................94
Conclusion............................................................................95
Breastfeeding & Jaundice
General ................................................................................96
Causes & Types of Jaundice ................................................97
Diagnosis ..............................................................................98
Treatment............................................................................100
Parent Concerns..................................................................101
Breastfeeding & Drugs
General ..............................................................................103
Drugs Considered Safe ......................................................103
Drugs and Possible Effects on the Baby or Breast Milk ..104
Considerations Before Taking a Drug................................105
Increasing Baby Safety ......................................................105
Further Aspects to Consider ..............................................106
Recreational Drugs ............................................................108
Maternal Diet & Breastfeeding
General ..............................................................................109
Breastfeeding Mothers that Require Special Attention......109
Maternal Diet & Effects on Baby ......................................110
Parent Concerns & Tips......................................................113
Breastfeeding & Returning to Work
General ..............................................................................115
Suggestions for Breastfeeding & Working ........................115
What To Do At the Workplace ..........................................116
Feeding at Home & the Caretaker......................................117
Parent Concerns..................................................................118
Expressing Breast Milk
General ..............................................................................120
When & Why......................................................................120
Expressing Milk Manually ................................................122
Pumping..............................................................................122
Storing Expressed Milk ......................................................125
Warming & Administering Expressed Milk ......................126
Nighttime Feedings
General ..............................................................................127
Environment & Sharing Sleep............................................127
Feeding & Sleeping At Night ............................................128
Parent Concerns..................................................................129
How to Awaken a Sleepy Baby
General ..............................................................................131
Causes of Sleepy Babies ....................................................131
How to Awaken Your Baby ................................................132
Comments ..........................................................................133
Issues & Perceptions with Breast and Bottle Feeding
General ..............................................................................134
Maternal Concerns About Breastfeeding ..........................134
A Father's Role ..................................................................137
Doctor's Views & Comments ............................................138
Conclusion..........................................................................139
Section 2:
Bottle-feeding
Infant Formulas: Which to Use & How to Choose
General ..............................................................................142
Nutritional Contents of Formula ........................................142
Types of Formulas ..............................................................144
Specialized Formulas ........................................................150
Choosing a Formula: What You Need to Know ................151
Parent Concerns..................................................................154
Formula Examples & Tables ..............................................157
Equipment Used for Formula Preparation & Sterilization
General ..............................................................................159
Bottles ................................................................................159
Nipples................................................................................162
Sterilization of Equipment..................................................167
Parent Concerns..................................................................170
Formulas & Preparation
General ..............................................................................171
Powder Formulas................................................................171
Ready-to-Feed Formulas ....................................................173
Liquid Concentrate Formulas ............................................174
Storage ................................................................................176
Notes on Water in Formula Preparation ............................177
Parent Concerns..................................................................177
Case Description ................................................................180
Warming the Bottle
General ..............................................................................181
How to Warm ....................................................................182
Microwave Use & Risks ....................................................183
Parent Concerns..................................................................183
Techniques of Bottle-feeding & Related Concerns
General ..............................................................................185
Techniques of Bottle-feeding ............................................185
Babies with Special Needs ................................................188
Discontinuing the Bottle ....................................................191
Parent Concerns & Tips......................................................192
Feeding By Schedule or On Demand:
Amount & Frequency
General ..............................................................................197
Clues Your Baby Is Ready to Feed ....................................197
Feeding By Schedule or On Demand ................................198
Feeding Amount & Frequency ..........................................201
Parent Concerns & Tips......................................................204
Section 3:
Breast & Bottle-feeding:
Combination & Weaning
Combining Breast & Bottle-feeding
General ..............................................................................208
Reasons to Combine Breast & Bottle ................................208
When to Start......................................................................209
How to Enhance Bottle Acceptance for Successful
Combination Feeding ........................................................210
Relactation ........................................................................212
Parent Concerns ................................................................213
Weaning
General ..............................................................................215
The Right Time to Wean ....................................................215
Types of Weaning and How to Wean from the Breast ......217
Weaning from the Breast to a Cup ....................................222
Weaning from a Bottle to a Cup ........................................222
When Weaning Is a Problem..............................................223
Parent Concerns ................................................................224
Overcoming Bottle Rejection in Breastfed Babies ..................227
General ..............................................................................227
Overcoming Bottle Rejection ............................................227
Section 4:
Starting Solid Foods & First Year Feedings
Nutrition at a Glance: An Age Appropriate Guide
to Feeding Your Baby & Toddler
General ..............................................................................232
Sequence of Food Introduction ..........................................232
General Tips by Age Group................................................236
Parent Concerns..................................................................240
Things to Keep in Mind ....................................................245
Starting Solid Foods
General ..............................................................................246
Clues for Readiness ............................................................247
When & Why to Start ........................................................248
The Transition Period ........................................................253
Parent Concerns..................................................................256
Favorite First Solids and Order of Introduction ................258
Allergies..............................................................................260
Food Refusal,Tastes & Flavors ........................................261
Parent Concern ..................................................................262
The Nutritional Staging System ........................................262
Recommendations for Parents............................................263
Store Bought & Homemade Foods
Store Bought
General ..............................................................................265
Availability & Nutrient Content ........................................265
Advantages & Disadvantages ............................................268
Homemade Foods
General ..............................................................................269
Equipment & Food Safety..................................................269
Preparing Baby Food..........................................................271
Storing & Freezing ............................................................274
Warming & Thawing Baby Foods ....................................275
Serving Baby Foods ..........................................................276
Advantages & Disadvantages ............................................276
Homemade Baby Food: Do's & Don'ts ............................277
Parent Concerns..................................................................278
Spices,Flavors & Tastes
General ..............................................................................281
Taste Buds ..........................................................................281
Tastes at all Ages................................................................282
Super Tasters ......................................................................283
Spicy Foods & Breastfeeding ............................................284
Flavors & Tastes: Suggestions ..........................................284
Parent Concerns..................................................................287
Feeding Your Baby with a Spoon
General ..............................................................................290
Reasons to Switch to a Spoon ............................................290
When to Start & Age/Skill Development ..........................290
Which Type of Spoon to Use ............................................292
Administration of Food by Spoon......................................293
Spoon Refusal: Easing the Transition ................................295
Case Description................................................................ 296
Cereals for Your Baby & Toddler
General ..............................................................................297
Types of Cereals ................................................................297
When & Which to Start......................................................300
Cereal Preparation,Administration & Serving ..................302
Refusal................................................................................303
Parental Concerns ..............................................................304
Sample Menu (4-6 Months) ..............................................308
Helpful Recipes ..................................................................308
Vegetables
General ..............................................................................310
When to Start......................................................................310
Ages of Various Vegetable Introductions ..........................311
Preparation of Vegetables ..................................................314
Vegetable Administration ..................................................316
Vegetable Refusal ..............................................................318
Vegetables & Risks Associated with Some Vegetables ....319
Case Description ................................................................321
Sample Menu......................................................................323
Store Bought & Homemade Vegetable Recipes ................324
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Fruits
General ..............................................................................327
When to Start......................................................................329
Which to Start & How Much ............................................329
Store Bought & Homemade Fruit Preparation ..................330
Fruit Refusal ......................................................................332
Parent Concerns..................................................................333
Case Description ................................................................335
Sample Menu (6-8 Months) ..............................................336
Helpful Homemade Recipes & Combination Ideas ..........336
Fruit Juices
General ..............................................................................338
Types of Juices ..................................................................338
When & Which to Introduce ..............................................339
How to Introduce & How Much ........................................340
Problems,Concerns & Benefits ........................................341
Parent Concerns..................................................................342
Textured & Table Baby Foods
General ..............................................................................345
When to Start & Readiness for Textured Foods ................345
How to Choose Textured Foods ........................................346
Making the Transition ........................................................348
Difficulties Associated with Textured Foods ....................349
Parent Concerns..................................................................350
Homemade & Commercial Textured Foods ......................352
Sample Menu (8-12 Months) ............................................353
Meat & Alternatives: Legumes & Fish ......................................355
Proteins ..............................................................................355
Meats ..................................................................................356
Administration....................................................................357
Legumes ............................................................................359
Fish ....................................................................................363
Case Description ................................................................365
Parent Concerns..................................................................365
Sample Menus ....................................................................366
Recipes ..............................................................................367
Dairy Products for Infants & Toddlers
General ..............................................................................369
Types of Dairy Products ....................................................369
When to Start......................................................................372
Calcium & Dairy Products ................................................373
Dairy Issues & Concerns....................................................376
Parent Concerns..................................................................380
Sample Menu (1 Year Old) ................................................383
Finger Foods for Babies & Toddlers
General ..............................................................................385
When to Introduce & Signs of Readiness ..........................385
How to Introduce................................................................386
Finger Food Refusal ..........................................................388
What to Avoid: Red Flags ..................................................389
Sample Menu (8-10 Months) ............................................389
Cup Use
General ..............................................................................391
Types of Cups ....................................................................392
When to Start Cup Use ......................................................393
How to Ease the Transition ................................................394
How to Offer the Cup: Gradually Mastering It..................395
Cow's Milk
General ..............................................................................396
Weaning to Cow's Milk After 12 Months..........................396
Intake Amount ....................................................................397
Cow's Milk Refusal............................................................397
Cow's Milk Allergy ............................................................398
Issues with Cow's Milk ......................................................401
AWord About… ................................................................403
Case Description ................................................................404
Cow's Milk & Constipation ..............................................405
Milk & Bone Health ..........................................................405
Milk & Obesity ..................................................................406
Cooking Milk Free ............................................................406
Parent Concerns..................................................................406
Eggs
General................................................................................411
Availability,Safety & Preparation......................................412
Egg Refusal ........................................................................415
Egg Allergy ........................................................................416
Vaccines & Eggs ................................................................417
Case Description ................................................................418
Parent Concerns..................................................................419
Section 5:
Issues Related to Feeding & Nutrition
Burping
General ..............................................................................424
When to Burp ....................................................................424
Identifying Signs of Readiness to Burp ............................425
How to Burp Your Baby ....................................................426
Helping Your Baby Swallow Less Air ..............................427
Parent Concerns..................................................................428
Hiccups & Feeding
General ..............................................................................430
Causes for Hiccups ............................................................430
Who Hiccups? ....................................................................431
Hiccups & Feeding ............................................................431
Duration of Hiccup Episodes ............................................431
Dealing with Hiccups ........................................................432
Oral Thrush in the Breast & Bottle Fed Baby
General ..............................................................................434
Symptoms & Effects on Feeding ......................................434
Predisposing Factors of Yeast Infection for Mothers
& Babies ............................................................................436
Treatment............................................................................438
Case Description ................................................................442
Parent Concerns..................................................................442
Nutrition & Diet: Important Factors in Oral Health
General ..............................................................................446
How Nutrition Affects Oral Health ....................................446
How Diet Affects Oral Health............................................448
How Oral Health Affects Nutrition ....................................451
More to Know About Dental Health ..................................452
Parent Concerns..................................................................455
The Pacifier & Effects on Feeding & Nutrition
General ..............................................................................456
When to Start & Stop Pacifier Use ....................................456
Pacifiers & Their Effects ..................................................456
Pacifier Safety ....................................................................460
Parent Concerns..................................................................461
Summary ............................................................................462
Gastroesophageal Reflux
General ..........................................................463
Types of Reflux ..................................................................464
Diagnosis of Reflux............................................................468
Treatment............................................................................469
Reflux & Other Conditions ................................................472
Parent Concerns & Tips......................................................474
Case Description ................................................................478
Stool Characteristics of Babies & Toddlers
in Health & Diseases
General ..............................................................................479
Age & Normal Stool ..........................................................479
Factors Affecting Stool Consistency ................................480
Normal & Abnormal Stool Patterns ..................................481
Stool Patterns,Parent Perceptions & Switching Formula 485
Case Descriptions ..............................................................486
Parent Concerns..................................................................488
Conclusion..........................................................................489
Constipation
General ..............................................................................491
Causes of Constipation ......................................................491
Symptoms of Constipation ................................................494
Diagnosis ............................................................................496
Prevention ..........................................................................497
Treatment............................................................................498
Parent Concerns..................................................................501
Conclusion..........................................................................504
Crying & Fussing In Relation to Feeding & Nutrition
General ..............................................................................506
Causes ................................................................................506
Suspecting a Cause ............................................................511
Measures to Control the Fussy Baby ................................512
Parent Concerns ................................................................513
Case Description ................................................................516
Conclusion..........................................................................516
Section 6:
Food Allergy & Food Safety
Feeding & Food Allergy
General ..............................................................................520
Common Food Allergies ....................................................521
Adverse Reactions to Food ................................................523
Allergy Symptoms..............................................................525
Diagnosis ............................................................................527
Treatment............................................................................528
Prevention ..........................................................................531
Case Description ................................................................532
Parent Concerns ................................................................532
XXIV
Water,Fluids & Drinks
General ..............................................................................538
Thirst & Recognizing Thirst ..............................................538
Sources of Water ................................................................539
Types of Water....................................................................540
Other Beverages & Sweet Drinks ......................................541
When to Introduce ..............................................................543
How Much Fluid Your Child Needs ..................................544
Developing Water Habits ..................................................546
Salts ....................................................................................546
Other Fluid Issues ..............................................................548
Parent Concerns..................................................................549
Safe Feeding & Food Safety
General ..............................................................................552
Food Poisoning ..................................................................552
Choking ..............................................................................555
Feeding & Safety Tips........................................................559
Section 7:
Growth Characteristics & Assessment
Growth Charts & Assessment of Growth Patterns
General ..............................................................................566
Assessment of Growth,Growth Charts & Percentiles …..566
Normal Growth Patterns ....................................................573
Abnormal Growth Patterns ................................................575
Parent Concerns..................................................................577
Conclusion..........................................................................580
The Food Groups: Making Sense of Portion Size
& Activity Level
General ..............................................................................581
Food Guide Servings..........................................................583
My Pyramid........................................................................584
The Food Groups of the Pyramid ......................................585
Activity Level & Calories ..................................................589
Making Sense of Portion Size (Instead of Servings) ........589
Food Group Age Requirements: Servings & Portions ......591
Practicality..........................................................................593
Parent Concerns..................................................................594
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Nutritional Assessment
General ..............................................................................595
How to Determine if Your Child is Growing Well ............595
Parent Concerns..................................................................598
Failure to Thrive
General ..............................................................................599
Normal Growth Patterns ....................................................599
Causes of Poor Weight Gain ..............................................600
Indicators of Poor Weight Gain..........................................603
Diagnosis ............................................................................604
Treatment of Poor Weight Gain ........................................605
Parent Concerns..................................................................607
Practical Tips & Conclusions ............................................608
Sample Menus for 6-12 Months ........................................609
Infant Obesity: Prevention & Treatment
General................................................................................611
Causes ................................................................................611
Prevention & Treatment ....................................................612
Comments & Conclusion ..................................................614
The Overweight & Obese Child
General ..............................................................................615
Causes & Risk Factors ......................................................615
Diagnosis ............................................................................615
Prevention & Treatment Measures ....................................620
Section 8:
Specific Feeding & Nutrition Issues
Iron & Iron Deficiency
General ..............................................................................628
Types & Sources of Iron ....................................................628
How Much Iron is Required? ............................................631
Risk Factors & Causes for Iron Deficiency ......................631
Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency ............................................632
How to Prevent & Treat Iron Deficiency ..........................634
Case Descriptions..............................................................637
Parent Concerns..................................................................638
Conclusion..........................................................................642
Picky Eaters
General ..............................................................................644
Causes of Picky Eaters & Feeding Difficulties..................645
How to Manage the Picky Eater &
Behavioral Feeding Problems ............................................650
What Parents Need To Do..................................................651
When To Be Concerned ....................................................656
Parent Concerns..................................................................659
Vitamins & Minerals
General ..............................................................................664
Types of Vitamins & Minerals ..........................................665
Who Is At Risk for Vitamin & Mineral Deficiency ..........666
Symptoms of Vitamin & Mineral Deficiency ....................669
How to Keep Nutritional Value in Foods ..........................670
Providing Vitamin/Mineral Supplements:
Approach & Risks ..............................................................671
Nutritional Screening & Assessments................................672
Case Description ................................................................673
Parent Concerns & Tips......................................................674
Conclusion..........................................................................676
Vegetarian Babies & Toddlers
General ..............................................................................677
Types of Vegetarians & Nutrient Risk ..............................678
Nutrients of Special Concern ............................................679
Breastfeeding & the Vegetarian Mother ............................680
Timing of Food Introduction in Vegetarian Babies............681
How to Raise the Vegetarian Child ....................................684
Meal Options ......................................................................685
Parent Concerns..................................................................687
Toddlers: Principles in Feeding & Related Aspects
General ..............................................................................688
Growth Requirements ........................................................688
Well-Balanced Diet ............................................................688
Nutrition Specifics..............................................................694
Behavior & Feeding ..........................................................697
Helpful Tips........................................................................700
References ..............................................................................................703
Index ........................................................................................................709
About the Author ................................................................................721 |
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Book 2 DEVELOPMENT
INTRODUCTION
The first years of a child's life are an amazing time of development and learned behavior,with new and exciting developmental milestones. However,studies show that more than 70% of mothers have developmental concerns about their young child. As such,the better educated the parents are about child development,then the earlier the problem is identified; the sooner the child receives early intervention; and the better the progress will be.
With limited physical time,appropriate knowledge,and for other reasons,many health professionals do not have the ability to screen for developmental and behavior difficulties in their practice. It is therefore crucial for parents to have a tool for developmental monitoring in order to identify warnings signs and red flags to early detect any possible problem. Arm yourself with the developmental knowledge required of every parent and provide your child with the BEST START TO LIFE!
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WHAT IS THE BOOK ABOUT
This book begins with describing expected normal development from birth to six years of age in each domain of development (gross and fine motor,social emotional,cognitive,speech and language,vision and self help and adaptive skills). As a parent,it is important to be aware of developmental stages as your child grows to ensure that your child is growing following a normal developmental pattern.
Parenting and discipline is often difficult for parents of young children. As such,how to parent and discipline the young child is discussed along with how to enhance your child's behavior and development. In addition,developmental screening and red flags/warning signs of developmental or behavioral abnormalities are stated with handy and practical questionnaires for each specific age.
Moreover,the book includes about 50 small chapters including questions and answers to daily parental concerns of child development and behaviors (e.g. temper tantrum,eye blinking,tip toes walking and much more). Recognition and descriptions of warning signs and symptoms for developmental disabilities are also included for autism,ADHD,speech and language delay,learning difficulties and developmental delay to early detect and improve child best outcome.
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Table of Contents:
- Section 1: Development in the first five years
- A - Developmental Milestones for specific ages in the domains of physical development,social/emotional,cognitive,speech and language and self help and adaptive skills.
- B - Parenting and Discipline Aspects
- C - How to enhance development
- D - Developmental Screen and Red Flags
- Section 2: Specific Development Milestones
- When and How it Develops,
- How to enhance it,and recognize problem
Topics:
- Head Control,
- Sitting,Crawling,
- Standing,Rolling Over,and Walking.
- Section 3: Developmental and Behavioral Issues and Concerns
This section includes behavioral/developmental concerns,how to deal with it,why it happens,what are warning signs and when to see a health professional. It also includes answers to additional parent's practical and daily questions and concerns.
Topics include:
- Abnormal Head shape
- Attachment to bottle
- Baby Hair Loss
- Biting
- Breath Holding Spells
- Boy Dressing like a girl
- Climbing
- Clinginess
- Drooling
- Eye blinking
- Erections in babies
- Fear of Doctors
- Fear of the bath
- Food Throwing
- Handedness
- Head Banging
- Hitting
- How to get your child to eat breakfast
- Imaginary friend
- Masturbation
- Nail biting
- Nightmares
- Night terrors
- Preference of one parent over another
- Separation anxiety
- Shyness
- Sneezing/Snoring in the newborn
- Social skills
- Speaking two languages
- Spoiling
- Stranger anxiety
- Swearing
- Teeth grinding
- Thumb sucking
- Time out
- Tiptoe walking
- Toddler frequent fall
- Toilet training
- Transitional and security objects
- Section 4: Recognition of Warning Signs and Symptoms of Developmental Disabilities
This section provides parents with early red flags or warning signs and symptoms that could be associated with a particular specific developmental disability such as:
- Autism,
- ADHD,
- Learning Disabilities,
- Speech and Language Delay,
- Global Developmental Delay
- Index
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THE FOLLOWING LIST IS ONLY OF SOME OF THE QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE "FEEDING & NUTRITION" BOOK.
BREASTFEEDING
- -What are the advantages of breast feeding breast milk to a baby?
- -How long to breast feed a baby?
- -Breast feeding a toddler
- -what are feeding cues-how to know my baby want to eat ?
- -How to established a successful beginning to breast feeding,latching,positioning the baby and nursing positions?
- -What is proper and improper or poor latching?
- -how to tell that the baby is latching and sucking efficiently?
- -When to do breast compression?
- -do I need to breast feed from one or two breasts at each feeding
- -How long I need to breast feed each time?
- -How to do finger feeding or cup feeding?
- -Painful latching
- -What to do for sore and cracked nipples?
- -What to do for breast engorgement when breast feeding or when not breast feeding?
- -Should I stop nursing when I have mastitis?
- -How to improve the feeding process if I have flat and inverted nipple?
- -Use of breast Shells and nipple Shields
- -Is it normal to have breast milk leakage? How to deal with it at work?
- -How to deal with overabundant or insufficient (low milk ) breast milk supply ?
- -How I can increase my breast milk supply?
- -How to know that my baby getting enough milk?
- -What to do if my baby prefers one breast?
- -What are the causes and what to do with breast refusal?
- -How to stop my baby from biting the breast?
- -Tongue tie and effects on breast feeding
- -Should I put my jaundiced baby close to the window for sun?
- -Breast feeding and drugs effects on the baby
- How does dieting affect breast feeding?
- -Spices eating and breast feeding
- -What to do if my breasts are leaking at work?
- -When and how to express breast milk?
- -Should I feed my baby at night?
- -How to awaken a sleepy baby?
BOTTLE FEEDING
- -When to use or not to use soy based formula ?
- -What are the types of formula?
- -When should formula be changed?
- -Is there a formula that help for colic?
- -Does iron in formula causes constipation?
- -Which formula to use for milk allergy?
- -Which bottle or nipple to choose for my baby?
- -How to prepare powder formula?
- -Ay advantages of ready to use formula?
- -Can I switch from ready to feed to powder formula?
- -Can I add cereal to my baby's bottle ?
- -How much formula should I give to my baby?
- -Should I warm the bottle before I give formula to my baby?
- -How to warm the bottle if I am traveling?
- -How to bottle feed ?
- -What are the signals to stop feeding with the bottle?
- -Can I breast and bottle feed my baby?
- -Can I use the bottle to feed cereal ?
- My baby cries every time he takes the bottle. What to do?
- -Is there any age for bottle feeding at night?
- -When will my baby hold the bottle on her own?
- -When bottle use should be discontinued?
- -My baby gags when she bottle feeds .What does this mean?
- -How do I know ( clues ) that my baby is ready to feed ?
- -Feeding by schedule or on demand .When and why?
- -What is the amount and frequency of feeding formula for my baby's age ?
- -What to do with reversal day and night feeding?
- -If I feed my baby on demand,then does that mean that I have to feed my baby every time she cries?
BREAST & BOTTLE FEEDING: COMBINATION & WEANING
- -Is it okay to combine breast and bottle feeding?
- -When to introduce the bottle to a breast feeding infant ?
- -Tips how to get your infant to bottle feed?
- -Is there such a thing as nipple confusion?
- -Can I mix breast milk and formula in the same bottle?
- -What is weaning and when is the right time to wean?
-How to wean from the breast?
- -How to wean from breast feeding after1&2 years of age?
- -How to help the baby to wean?
- -How to wean from the breast to a cup?
- -How to wean from the bottle to a cup?
- -Do I have to still give vitamin D now that I give formula?
- -Should I stop breast feeding because I am pregnant?
- -Should I start weaning because my infant has teeth?
- -How to overcome bottle rejection in breastfed baby?
STARTING SOLID FOODS
- -What,when,how much and which solid food to start at what age?
- -If I add seasonings when I prepare food for the family,is it ok to give to my young child to eat also?
- -Should I wake up my newborn to feed if she sleeps more than 3-4 hours at night?
- -Which solid foods should I introduce first?
- -How do I know when to add pureed,finger,textured,and table foods to my child's meal?
- -Can I add water to my child's diet in the first few months?
- -Is there any difference between powder and ready to use formula?
- -Are homemade foods better than jar food?
- -Is it ok to feed yogurt and dairy products before the age of 1since milk is started at the age of 1year?
- -Are organic products healthier than regular products for my infant?
- -What are the clues for readiness of solid foods?
- -When and why to start solid foods at 4 or 6 months of age for breast or bottle fed babies?
- -When to start solid food in premature babies?
- -Are there any risks to starting early solid foods?
- -Are there any risks to starting solid foods later than 6 months
-How to start the first solid meal?
- -What if my baby gags when I start soli foods? Can she choke?
- -Can I use the bottle for the first solid feeding?
- -How should I hold my baby during the first solid feeding?
- -When should I offer solid foods-before or after the breast or the bottle?
- -What are first favorite foods?
- -Taste and flavors and baby refusing to eat?
- -Are store bought and homemade food the same? Any advantages or disadvantages?
- -How to puree homemade food?
- -How to have the right texture : Thinning or thickening homemade foods?
- -Do I have to warm store bought jar food?
- What to look for when I buy commercial baby foods?
- -What to do if I have trouble transitioning from commercial to homemade baby food?
- -Can I use spices and flavors when preparing solid foods?
- -Is it okay if I eat spices while I am breastfeeding?
- -Is there a difference in tastes and flavors between homemade and commercial baby foods?
- -When to start to use a spoon,what to use and how?
- -What to do if the baby refuses the spoon?
- -Can I use homemade or commercially prepared cereals?
- -Which and when to start cereals?
- -What to do if my baby refuses cereals?
- -Why is rice cereal the one that is recommended to start first?
- -Does cereal have an effect on my child's sleeping habits?
- -My baby suffers from constipation after having eaten rice cereal. What can I do?
- How do I choose which cereal to give my child?
- How much cereal is needed for my seven month old baby to get the iron requirements?
- Should every baby start on cereal at 4 months of age-does it matter whether or not she is breast/bottle feeding?
- When do you recommend serving cereal-day or night?
- Can I feed cereal by the bottle?
- How do I get my toddler to eat cereals and can she eat adult cereals?
- What is a sample menu for a 6-8 month old?
- When should I introduce vegetables for my baby and with which do I start?
- How can I prepare vegetables for my baby?
- How can I puree the vegetables?
- What should I do if my baby refuses vegetables?
- Is there any health risks associated with any vegetables?
- What are better-Fresh,frozen,or canned vegetables?
- When should I introduce fruits for my baby and which and how much of it to start?
- How do I prepare homemade fruit?
- What should I do when my baby refuses fruits?
- Why is serving a fresh fruit to my child better than fruit juice?
- If I introduce fruit first to my baby,will he/she refuse vegetables?
- Can I use store bought juice for my baby?
- When and which juices should be introduced? How much?
- How can I limit the amount of juice my child drinks?
- What if my baby refuses juice? Do I have to dilute it?
- What should I do if my baby has diarrhea/gas/stomach pain from fruit juice?
- Can a rash occur in the anal area from juice?
- Is commercial baby juice okay to use?
- Why can I give my constipated baby apple juice and not apple sauce
- When should I start textured foods?
- How should I choose textured foods?
- How do I make the transition easy from soft to textured foods?
- Do store-bought baby foods provide the same texture as homemade foods?
- My baby prefers smooth textures of store bought baby foods. What should I do?
- How do I know when my baby is ready for table foods?
- When should I start meat products and alternatives (such as legumes and fish)?
- How do I prepare meats for my baby?
- What should I do if my baby refuses meats?
- How do I prepare legumes?
- When should I start fish? How should I prepare it?
- When can I introduce liver to my baby?
- What are the recommendations of fish for my baby/
- Which commercial yogurt should I buy?
- When should I start dairy products?
- Why is calcium needed and how much?
- What are the non-dairy sources of calcium?
- What to do if my child refuses dairy products?
- If my child is lactose intolerant,can she have dairy products?
- When can I introduce cheese into my child's diet?
- When can I introduce yogurt into my child's diet/
- My baby refuses cow's milk. Is it okay to or enough to provide only other dairy products?
- Why is it recommended to introduce dairy products at 8 months of age and cow's milk at one year?
- When and how to introduce finger foods?
- What are the different types of finger foods and how do I serve it?
- What should I do if my baby is not interested in finger foods?
- When do I introduce the use of a cup and how do I ease the transition?
- What do I do if my child refuses cow's milk?
- Is there a relation between cow's milk allergies and eczema?
- Can I use goat milk for my baby?
- My toddler refuses to drink milk. How can I replace her calcium needs?
- What do I do if my child is taking excessive amounts of milk every day?
- Is soy milk better than cow's milk?
- My child doesn't like milk-is it appropriate to give formula?
- Are there any reasons cow milk should be used before the age of one year?
- My child enjoys formula instead of cow milk. Can I still feed her formula after the age of one year?
- When should I introduce eggs? How do I initially prepare it?
- What to do if my child refuses eggs?
- My child is allergic to egg whites. Can she still have egg yolk?
- If my child is allergic to eggs,what can I replace this ingredient with when baking?
- If my child is allergic to eggs,can she have chicken?
ISSUES RELATED TO FEEDING AND NUTRITION
- What should I do if my baby won't burp?
- How do I properly burp my baby?
- My baby spits up when he burps,should this be a cause for concern?
- Do I need to burp my baby at night?
- What should I do when my baby has hiccups?
- Is thrush dangerous or a serious cause of feeding problems for my baby?
- I have a nipple thrush; can I give my baby expressed breast milk?
- How to prevent tooth decay?
- Teething and breastfeeding
- Is it recommended to use the pacifier for my baby or not?
- Is a pacifier associated with any problems I should be concerned with?
- I would like to give my baby a pacifier but he doesn't want it. What should I do?
- My baby gags after sucking his thumb. Is this normal?
- What is gastro esophageal reflux? How do I differentiate between spitting up and vomiting?
- When should I be concerned if my baby has gastro esophageal reflux?
- What should I do if my baby has simple gastro esophageal reflux?
- Can reflux be associated with baby colic?
- My baby is breastfed,what can I do to minimize reflux?
- Will changing my baby's formula help with the reflux?
- What are the different stool colors and what does each signify?
- My one month old breast fed baby passes a stool each time he is fed,is this normal?
- Can occasional and short episodes of green stool occur?
- Some baby fuss and push before they have a bowel movement,is this normal?
- What are the reasons for my baby's constipation and how do I deal with it?
- Are there certain formulas which cause hard stool and constipation?
- Does iron-fortified formula cause constipation?
- I started my child on solid foods and now he has constipation/hard stool?
- My child has diarrhea and has now developed constipation. Is this normal?
- How do I know if my baby is allergic to milk if he has no other symptoms other than crying?
- How should I behave when my baby cries?
FOOD ALLERGY AND FOOD SAFETY
- What are the common foods that cause allergy?
- What are allergy symptoms?
- How are allergy symptoms treated?
- Is there any ideal age for introducing peanut butter for the first time?
- Is there a link between allergy and hyper activity?
- Can nasal congestion be a sign of allergy?
- Can stomach pain be associated with allergy?
- Should I use hypo allergenic formula if there is a strong family history of allergy?
- Can a baby be allergic to breast milk?
- How long does it take for the food ingested to get to my breast milk?
- My child has a rash around the mouth when he came in contact with citrus fruits,is this an allergic reaction?
- What are the sources of water?
- How much fluid does my child need on a daily basis?
- What type of water should I offer my baby when travelling to a country with less sanitary conditions?
- How do I know when my infant/toddler is thirsty and when she is getting enough fluids?
- My baby is healthy and breastfed. Does she need extra water?
- What are common foods that can cause choking?
- How do I prevent choking?
- What are some microwave safety?
GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS AND ASSESSMENT
- What are a child's normal growth pattern? How do I asses it?
- What does my child's growth monitoring tell me about his nutrition?
- My child is not gaining weight and does not care to eat so much. What can cause this decrease in appetite?
- What are indicators of healthy growth?
- My baby/child is not gaining weight. How often should I visit the doctor?
- How often should my child be weighed and measured?
- What are portion size and food groups?
- What are food group age requirements with recommended serving and portion?
- Does each meal have to contain all food groups?
- How much does my toddler need to eat per day?
- How do I know if my child is growing properly?
- What are the causes of poor weight gain that are associated with breastfeeding?
- My four and half months old baby is breastfeeding and he seems hungry all the time. Why isn't he gaining weight? Should I start him on solid foods or formula?
- How can I prevent baby obesity?
- What can cause infant obesity?
- How do I prevent child obesity?
SPECIFIC FEEDING AND NUTRITION ISSUES
- What can iron deficiency cause?
- How much iron does my child require?
- How do I know that my child is iron deficient if he already has pale skin type?
- Can my baby get enough iron if my baby eats home cereal?
- My baby is taking supplemental iron and I noticed she has staining on her teeth. Is this due to iron and what can be done?
- Does iron affect my baby's stool color?
- What do I do with my picky eater toddler?
- What do I do if my picky eater refuses vegetables or meat and alternatives or fruits or eggs?
- When should I be concerned about my picky eater toddler?
- My child is a picky eater,is there something wrong?
- My child is eating junk/bad food and I am concerned about her diet. How can I tell if my child is getting enough to eat since she is a picky eater?
- My child doesn't want to eat much as dinner,should I be concerned?
- Should I force my child who is a picky eater to finish her meal?
- My child is a good eater,does she need vitamin or minerals?
- Should I give large doses of vitamin C to prevent my child from getting a cold or infection?
- Can vitamins and minerals improve my child's appetite?
- My 4 year old daughter has whitening of nail parts,does she need vitamins?
- How to raise the vegetarian child?
- Breastfeeding and the vegetarian mother
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The following are some of the questions answered in the second book - Development & Behavior:
* What are the domains of development and developmental milestones (physical,social-emotional,cognitive,speech and language,and self help and adaptive skills)?
* Developmental milestones: What should I expect from my baby and infant to do in each month in the first year developmentally?
* What my 1year,18months,2years,3years,4 years,5years and 6years old child should be able to do?
* Enhancing development: How to enhance the development of my baby at each month of the first year?
* What are red flags or warning signs of abnormal development for my baby or child (for a specific age)?
* Head control. When and how baby head controls develop?
* Head control. How to encourage head lifting?
* Head control. Any effect of swings,bouncers,jumpers and head control?
* Sitting .When and how sitting develop?
* Crawling. When and how crawling develop?
* Crawling. What are crawling styles and when to be concerned?
* Rolling over. What age to expect baby rolling over to develop and how to enhance it?
* Standing. When it develops and how to enhance it?
* Walking. When walking develop and how to enhance it?
* Walking. How to help your child walking sooner?
* Delay walking -when to be concerned?
* Time out. When to use time out for negative behavior and what to do if it does not work (refusal and resistance)?
* Stuttering and normal dysfluency . When to seek help?
* Stuttering. How I can help my stutterer child?
* Biting. How to prevent my child from biting others?
* Biting. What to do with child biting in the day care?
* Separation anxiety. How to deal with separation from my baby?
* Separation anxiety .How to deal with separation and anxiety of my child when left in the day care?
* Separation anxiety. When separation anxiety is abnormal?
* Eye blinking. My child has eye blinking. Is it tics and or do I have to check vision?
* Eye blinking. When and why eye blinking occurs?
* Eye blinking. How shall I behave when my child has eye blinking?
* What cause low muscle tone (hypotonia) and how it is manifested in a child?
* My baby drooling and chewing on his hands .Does it mean he is teething?
* Hair loss. My baby is losing hair (bald). Is it normal?
* Second language. Is it good for a child to speak more than one language? When to start?
* Head banging. What can I do to stop my child head banging? Can it damage his head?
* Thumb sucking. What to do to prevent it from becoming a habit for long time?
* Toddler love to be naked. My child love to be naked and run around several times. Is it normal?
* Baby touching the genitals. My baby cannot keep his hands off his genitals especially when his diaper is removed. . Is it normal?
* Masturbation. My 4 year old keep his hand all the time in the genital area seems to play with it .Is he masturbating? Shall stop him from masturbating ?
* Food throwing. How to stop food throwing of my child while eating?
* Grinding teeth. My child is grinding his teeth. Does he have parasites?
* Grinding teeth. What are the effects and what to do?
* Erections in baby. Is it normal? Does it hurt?
* Breath holding spells. Every time my child cries and get upset,he hold his breath and turn blue. Can he stop breathing?
* Breath holding spells. How to deal with these episodes?
* Spoiling baby and toddler. Are we spoiling our baby by always picking him up when he cries?
* Preference of one parent over the other. What are the reasons and what to do when a toddler prefers one parent over the other?
* Swearing .How to deal with swearing in young children.
* Clinginess. Why and what to do about it?
* Fear of the bath. Why and what to do for my toddler fear of the bath?
* Climbing. How to make my toddler to stop climbing all the times?
* Nail biting. How to discourage nail biting in my young child?
* Tip toes walking. When it is normal and when it is of a concern?
* What is habitual toe walking?
* Is Tip toe walking a sign of cerebral palsy?
* Transitional/security objects. Why your toddler “s favorite toy or object means so much to him?
* Attachment to the bottle. My toddler is taking the bottle anywhere he goes. He cannot get it away even for a minute. How do I wean him from the bottle?
* Eating breakfast .How I can get my son to eat breakfast. Should I insist he eats breakfast?
* Hand fisting. When it should disappear? What it signifies if it persists?
* Neurologic or muscular disease. What are the manifestations / signs of a neurologic or muscular disease?
* Eyes rolling. My 3 month old baby rolls his eyes back when sleeping and when he is awake. Shall I see the doctor ?
* Boy dressing up like a girl. How to respond to my toddler who wants to dress up like a girl all the time?
* Toilet training. How do I know my child is ready?
* Toilet training. When to start and how to help the child to get ready?
* Toilet training. What to do with refusal to toilet train?
* Toddler fear of doctors. How to help reduce anxiety and cry?
* Social skills. My child is not playing with other children in a playgroup. How to help him to be more sociable?
* Nightmares and night terrors .How to help my child when he wake up with nightmares and night terrors?
* Shyness. How to help my little one feel more comfortable?
* Handedness. When it develops? Is left handedness genetic and associated with specific intellect?
* Imaginary friends. What are? Why children have imaginary friends
* What are the signs and symptoms and warning signs to early recognize speech and language delay?
* What are the signs and symptoms and warning signs to early recognize autism?
* What are the signs and symptoms and warning signs to early recognize Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?
* What are the signs and symptoms and warning signs to early recognize Developmental Delay?
* What are the signs and symptoms and warning signs to early recognize learning disabilities?
WHY TO BUY MY BOOKS
1. These books are written by an eminent pediatrician with multiple credentials and 30 years of medical experience,listening to daily parental problems and concerns.
2. Did you know that inappropriate feeding and nutrition in early life can have an impact on your child's future health and habits?
3. Would you not like to provide your baby and child with the best start to life and the best present,since the early years are the most important stage of establishment of nerve connection and brain differentiation? Do not miss this window of opportunity - otherwise it slams shut!
4. Would you not like to ease your parental concern over a multitude of issues related to feeding,nutrition and development of your baby and child? These books offer the best feeding and developmental secrets to success and enhancing your child in all aspects!
5. Would you not like to have all your answers in one book that is offered in a simple,screened and easy to read format with an age by age guide to feeding your baby and young child? No more spending hours pouring over books,websites,magazines or articles to determine whether your child's behavior or development is normal.
6. Did you know that more than 70% of parents have developmental/behavioral concerns and that 15 to 18% of all children have developmental disabilities? The availability of having warning signs and red flags will help identify if your child is at risk for behavioral and developmental difficulties.
7. The better educated the parents are,the earlier a problem can be identified,the better your child's progress and outcome will be. Remember that the first six years of life has the greatest impact on your child's future.
8. The absolute greatest and best gift to offer your child the best start to life in effectively raising your child!
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HOW TO BUY
1. LOCAL BOOKSTORES: Visit your local bookstore or order online through your bookstore.
2. ONLINE: Purchase a book online through www.amazon.ca or www.amazon.com.
3. BOOK DISTRIBUTORS:
Canadian Distributor: Author's Choice
Telephone: 905-602-1592
Fax: 905-602-9842
Email: lorne@authorschoice.ca
USA Distributor: APG Books
Toll Free: 1-800-327-5113
Fax: 615-254-2414
Email: swift@apgbook.com
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR
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Dr. Maurice Levy is a Pediatrician with 30 years of day-to-day medical experience in hospitals and a pediatric primary care office.
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Former Chief of Pediatrics (1994-1999) and an active staff member at North York Branson Hospital,Toronto including multiple responsibilities on hospitalized newborns,infants and children and dealing with staff pediatricians along with a multitude of health problems to include nutrition,development and more.
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Head of Research at the Pediatric department (present) at North York General Hospital,Toronto.
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Primary Care consultation practice (present) and active staff member at the Hospital with extensive practice dealing with children from birth to 18 years.
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Diploma in Clinical Pharmacology: Practice & training at The Hospital for Sick Children,Toronto (1988-1990).
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Pediatric Nephrology: Practice & training at The Hospital for Sick Children,Toronto (1987-1988).
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Research (1986-1987): At St. Justine Hospital and at the University of Montreal.
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Other Professional activities,Training and Awards include:
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Dr Levy trained and worked in various hospitals around the globe including Belgium (1972 -1973),France (1973-1977),and Israel (1977-1980).
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Medical degree obtained from the University of Tel-Aviv,Israel.
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Training in Pediatrics in the Hospital For Sick Children,and at Edith Wolfson Hospital,Houlon ,Israel (1981-1986 ).
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Teaching students and health professionals since 1981,in hospitals & private practice,a “teacher to teachers”.
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Member of various committees and boards (medical advisory,research etc.).
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Publications in various medical & research journals and magazines aimed for parents,answering questions and concerns of babies and children.
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(E) CONTACT US
Please contact us directly using this form for any questions or feedback or by e-mailing us at mauricelevy1@hotmail.com
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